PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean									0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean									0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean									0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian									0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian									0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan									1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †	2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian									4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian									9.4
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5	Clarendonian									11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian									12.5
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
						Hemingfordian									16.3
						Arikareean									18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4										23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
						Whitneyan									29.5
						Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3	Chadronian									33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean									37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2	Uintan									41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian									47.8
						Wasatchian									50.5
						Clarkforkian									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian									56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian									56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian									59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian									60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian									61.6
		Danian				Puercan									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6										145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5										149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3										174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2										184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian				264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian	Urzhumian				264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kazanian		Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kazanian		Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
							Filipovian		276.5 *
				Pavlovoposadian			Filipovian		276.8 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian		Sarginian		283.5
							Irginian		285.9 *
				Rusavkinian			Irginian		287.6 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian		Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian					303.7
				Khamovnikian					304.8
				Krevyakinian					305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian					307
				Podolskian					308.9 *
				Kashirian					311.4 *
				Vereian					313.8
				Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian					315.2
				Cheremshanian					316.9 *
				Prikamian					318.6 *
				Severokeltmian					319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian		323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian		330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Harju		Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Hunneberg				477.7
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Pakerort		Cambrian 5			485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian				Albertian †			Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian							Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan							Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran									Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran				Waucoban †						509
		Stage 4	Dyeran										511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							Cambrian 2			514
			Montezuman										514.8 *
			Begadean										519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1			529
															538.8