PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Russian Platform		European Faunal Zones	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian								MN 17			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								MN 16	Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian								MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean								MN 15			3.6
										MN 14			4.2
										MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian								MN 12			7.246
										MN 11			7.75
										MN 10			8.7
										MN 9			9.7
										MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian								MN 7 + 8			11.63
		Serravallian								MN 6			12.8 *
		Langhian								MN 5			13.82
		Burdigalian								MN 4			15.98
										MN 3			16.9
										MN 2			20
		Aquitanian								MN 2			20.44
		Aquitanian								MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan							150
						Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian				Warepan							208.5
						Otamitan							217
						Oretian							221
		Carnian				Oretian							227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian	Etalian	238
		Anisian	Etalian	242
		Anisian	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan		254.2
				Puruhauan		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Urzhumian			266
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
				Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian		276
						Filipovian		276.5 *
						Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
				Telfordian		Sarginian		285
						Irginian		285.9 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
						Burtsevian		288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan		Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran		Stage 5 †			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran		Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4					Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran					514
							Montezuman					514.8 *
							Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8