PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian							Middle Pleistocene		0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian							Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian					Yushean		Late Pliocene	Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian							Late Pliocene		3
		Zanclean			Waipipian							Early Pliocene		3.6
					Opoitian									3.7
					Opoitian					Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean							Late Miocene		5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan									7.246
				Southland	Waiauan									11.04
										Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian										Middle Miocene		11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian					Shanwangian				13.82
					Clifdenian									15.1
				Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene		15.98
										Xiejiaan				16.9
					Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian							Late Oligocene		23.03
					Duntroonian									25.2
					Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene		33.9
				Arnold	Runangan									34.6
					Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan							Middle Eocene		37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian									41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
					Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan							Early Eocene		47.8
					Mangaorapan									48.9
					Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian							Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian			Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
					Mangaotanean									90.5
					Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan									93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
					Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan									100.5
					Urutawan									103.3
				Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian			Korangan									113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	Cayugan	419.2
						Kaugetuma	Cayugan	421.7 *
						Kaugetuma	Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		Lockportian	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Raikkula				439.4 *
							Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian	Early Cambrian							509
		Stage 3	Branchian								514
		Stage 3	Placentian								517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
														538.8