PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126006 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of North America		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene							MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene							MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene							MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene							MP 16				37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene							MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene							MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene							MP 6	MP 1 - 5			56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Zechstein							Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein							Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian	Rotliegendes								259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
					Filipovian									276.5 *
					Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian								283.5
					Irginian									285.9 *
					Burtsevian									287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Payntonian					486.8 *
			Payntonian					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Iverian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian	Iverian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	Idamean					Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan				Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian							499
		Drumian	Undillan							500.5
		Drumian	Floran							503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian				Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
			Templetonian				Delamaran				506.5
			Ordian								507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian					Waucoban †			509
											510.8 *
							Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran				514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
														538.8