PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Russian Platform		European Faunal Zones	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene													0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene													0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene										MN 17			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene										MN 16	Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene										MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene										MN 15			3.6
													MN 14			4.2
													MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene										MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian											MN 12			7.246
													MN 11			7.75
													MN 10			8.7
													MN 9			9.7
													MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene										MN 7 + 8			11.63
		Serravallian											MN 6			12.8 *
		Langhian											MN 5			13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene										MN 4			15.98
													MN 3			16.9
													MN 2			20
		Aquitanian											MN 2			20.44
		Aquitanian											MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene													33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene													37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene													41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene													56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene													59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian												251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian											Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *								Longtanian †
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian		Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian		Midian		Urzhumian		264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian		Urzhumian		266.2 *
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
				Kubergandian		Filipovian		276.5 *
				Bolorian		Filipovian		279.8
						Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
						Irginian		285.9 *
				Yakhtashian		Irginian		286
				Yakhtashian		Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare						419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma						421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare						423
		Ludfordian	Paadla						423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula						427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu						429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu						430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani						431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani						433.4
		Telychian	Adavere						434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere						438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula						439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula						440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru						441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg					477.7
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort					485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
																509