PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
						Planulata							179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
						Kanense							181.3 *
						Carlottense							182.3 *
						Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Kunae							184.2
						Freboldi							185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian											192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Meishanian			251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	Longtanian †				254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	Longtanian †				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian					264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian					273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian					283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian					285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian					290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian					Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare							419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma							421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare							423
		Ludfordian	Paadla							423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian							Rootsikula	427.4
			Gleedonian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Whitwellian								429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian								Jaani	433.4
		Telychian								Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian								Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian								Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		504.5
													509