PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of France	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene												0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene												0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene												5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene												7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene												11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene												13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene												15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene												41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene					Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene				Gashatan								56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene												59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites				Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
									Planulata						179.3 *
											Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
															180.1
									Kanense						181.3 *
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Kanense						182
									Carlottense						182.3 *
									Kunae						183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				Kunae						184.2
									Freboldi						185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi										192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian								251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian								Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian								Longtanian †		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan										259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian										264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian										273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian										283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian										285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian										290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian										298.9
		Gzhelian												300.1
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
															509