PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of North America			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of North America		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene														0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene														0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene														5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene														7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene														11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene														13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene														15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene								MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene								MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene								MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene								MP 16						37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene								MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene								MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene								MP 6	MP 1 - 5					56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene														59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
		Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian											Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian												Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian											Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian											Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
														Filipovian			276.5 *
														Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian											Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
														Irginian			285.9 *
														Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Lockportian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Ontarian				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian	Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
									Payntonian		486.8 *
									Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Iverian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Iverian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Idamean		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Middle Cambrian	Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian							Boomerangian				499
		Drumian							Undillan				500.5
		Drumian							Floran				503
		Wuliuan							Templetonian	Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
									Templetonian	Delamaran				506.5
									Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian	Ordian		Waucoban †			509
														510.8 *
										Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran				514
										Montezuman				514.8 *
										Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																	538.8