PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126175 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian			MN 17									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			MN 16							Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian			MN 15									3.2
		Zanclean			MN 15									3.6
					MN 14									4.2
					MN 13									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			MN 13									5.333
		Tortonian			MN 12						Pannonian			7.246
					MN 11									7.75
					MN 10									8.7
					MN 9									9.7
					MN 7 + 8									11.1
		Serravallian			MN 7 + 8						Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian			MN 6						Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian			MN 5									13.82
		Burdigalian			MN 4									15.98
					MN 3									16.9
					MN 2									20
		Aquitanian			MN 2									20.44
		Aquitanian			MN 1									22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian											66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic											100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian											125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
						Xiaodushanian	300 *
				Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
							Cantabrian	305 *
						Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
				Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
						Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
					Marsdenian		320.2 *
					Marsdenian	Lousuan	321.2 *
					Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
					Alportian		322 *
					Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian	Dewunian	323.2
					Arnsbergian		324 *
					Pendleian		327.4 *
					Pendleian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	Shangsian	330.9
				Warnantian	Brigantian †	Jiusian	335 *
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian				Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian					489.5
			Aksaian					490.7 *
			Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian				Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Ayusokkanian						Arcadian	498.4
										499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian							500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian							503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian							Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian	Early Cambrian			509
			Toyonian								510 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian								514
			Atdabanian								515.6 *
			Atdabanian				Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
														538.8