PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous of North America	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Sheridanian					0.0117
				Chibanian								Sheridanian					0.129
				Chibanian								Cudahyan/Sappan					0.21
				Calabrian								Cudahyan/Sappan					0.774
				Calabrian								Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean								Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					4.7
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian								Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
				Serravallian								Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					11.63
				Serravallian								late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
												Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
												late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
													Monroecreekian				23.1 *
													Geringian				24.7 *
				Rupelian									Geringian				27.82
				Rupelian													29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					33.9
				Priabonian													37
				Bartonian													37.71
				Bartonian								Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
				Lutetian								Late Uintan/Early Uintan					41.2
				Lutetian								Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
				Ypresian								Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					47.8
												Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
														Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			56
				Thanetian										Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			56.2
				Selandian										Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			59.2
				Selandian										To3/To2/To1			60.9
				Danian										To3/To2/To1			61.6
				Danian										Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian		Virgilian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian		Missourian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
					Missourian	Dalaun	305.8 *
					Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian		Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian		Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan		315.2
					Morrowan		318.4 *
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean			Shangsian	330.9
						Jiusian	335 *
					Meramecian		335.8 *
					Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean	Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	Tangbagouan	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †									504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian									509
Stage 3		Series 2	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian											Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau		1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan		1375
																	1400