PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America						Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean							0
				Meghalayan									Santarosean							0.0004
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
				Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean							0.014
				Chibanian									Rancholabrean							0.129
				Chibanian									Irvingtonian							0.21
				Calabrian									Irvingtonian							0.774
				Calabrian									Blancan							1.4
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean																3.6
				Zanclean									Hemphillian							4.7
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Tortonian									Clarendonian							9.4
				Serravallian								Cenozoic 5	Clarendonian							11.63
				Serravallian									Barstovian							12.5
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
													Hemingfordian							16.3
													Arikareean							18.5
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4								23.03
				Rupelian																27.82
													Whitneyan							29.5
													Orellan							31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3	Chadronian							33.9
				Priabonian									Duchesnean							37
				Bartonian									Duchesnean							37.71
				Bartonian									Uintan							39.7
				Lutetian								Cenozoic 2	Uintan							41.2
				Lutetian									Bridgerian							46.2
				Ypresian									Bridgerian							47.8
													Wasatchian							50.5
													Clarkforkian							54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian							56
				Thanetian									Tiffanian							56.2
				Selandian									Tiffanian							59.2
				Selandian									Torrejonian							60.9
				Danian									Torrejonian							61.6
				Danian									Puercan							63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8								66
				Campanian								Cretaceous 7								72.1
				Santonian								Cretaceous 6								83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4								100.5
				Aptian								Cretaceous 3								113
				Barremian								Cretaceous 2								121.4
				Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2								125.77
				Valanginian								Cretaceous 1								132.6
				Berriasian								Cretaceous 1								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6								145
				Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5								149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian								Jurassic 4								165.3
				Bajocian								Jurassic 4								168.2
				Aalenian								Jurassic 3								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3								174.7
				Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2								184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
			Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian			259.51
			Wordian			Urzhumian			264.28
			Wordian		Noginskian	Urzhumian			264.9 *
			Roadian	Permian 3		Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
			Roadian	Permian 3		Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
							Filipovian		276.5 *
					Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian		276.8 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
							Irginian		285.9 *
					Rusavkinian		Irginian		287.6 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
			Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian				303.7
					Khamovnikian				304.8
					Krevyakinian				305.8 *
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian				307
					Podolskian				308.9 *
					Kashirian				311.4 *
					Vereian				313.8
					Melekessian				314.8
			Bashkirian		Melekessian				315.2
					Cheremshanian				316.9 *
					Prikamian				318.6 *
					Severokeltmian				319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
					Voznesenian				321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian				323.2
					Protvian				324.4 *
					Steshevian				326.8 *
					Tarusian				329 *
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian				330.9
					Mikhailovian				331.9 *
					Aleksinian				333.7 *
					Tulian				335.8 *
					Bobrikian				339.9 *
					Radaevkian				343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian				346.7
					Kizelian				350.7 *
					Cherepetian				351.9 *
					Karakubian				354.4 *
					Upinian				356.3 *
					Malevkian				357.6 *
					Gumerovian				358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
Sheinwoodian		Wenlock	430.5
Llandovery		Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian				Ordovician 5	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Gamachian						Pirgu	445.2
				Richmondian						Pirgu	446 *
				Richmondian						Vormsi	449.6 *
				Maysvillian						Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Maysvillian						Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
				Edenian						Nabala			450.4 *
				Edenian					Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						Rakvere			451.1 *
										Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4		Keila		Idavere †	453
				Turinian						Keila			453.7 *
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
			Whiterockian							Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3		Uhaku				458.4
						Lasnamagi	458.9 *
						Aseri	460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian						Ordovician 2				467.3
				Rangerian								469.1 *
				Rangerian			Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian								Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
									Latorp †					470.1 *
							Hunneberg							473.7 *
				Tulean										473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean				Ordovician 1						477.7
				Stairsian										480.3 *
				Stairsian			Varangu							481.3 *
				Skullrockian			Varangu						Demingian †	482 *
							Pakerort						Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort					Cambrian 5		485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Cambrian 4		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan										Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										Cambrian 1				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian			Karatau												800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau												1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian												1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian												1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan												1375
																				1400