PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of North America	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform				Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Melekhovian								251.902
				Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian										Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian											Urzhumian			264.28
				Wordian						Noginskian					Urzhumian			264.9 *
				Roadian										Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
				Roadian										Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
															Filipovian			276.5 *
										Pavlovoposadian					Filipovian			276.8 *
															Saraninian			280.1 *
				Artinskian										Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
															Irginian			285.9 *
										Rusavkinian					Irginian			287.6 *
															Burtsevian			287.8 *
				Sakmarian										Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
Tastubian				Sakmarian	291.7 *									Sakmarian
Asselian				Bursumian †	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian			298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
							Khamovnikian	304.8
							Krevyakinian	305.8 *
				Desmoinesian			Krevyakinian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
				Atokan			Kashirian	312.7 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
			Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Morrowan			Cheremshanian	318.4 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
							Voznesenian	321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
			Visean				Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Meramecian			Tulian	335.8 *
				Meramecian			Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Osagean			Bobrikian	343.1 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian				Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
				Kinderhookian			Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju					Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
			Viru					Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
			Oeland		Kunda	462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
					Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
						Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg				477.7
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
									Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
						Aksaian					490.7 *
						Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian									494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian					Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan							509
						Toyonian			Lenian †				510 *
						Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian							514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian							521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian											Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000									Karatau
		Stenian		Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan			1375
																		1400