PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian						Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian							3
				Zanclean			Waipipian							3.6
				Zanclean			Opoitian							3.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian			Tongaporutuan							7.246
				Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan							11.04
				Serravallian			Waiauan							11.63
				Serravallian			Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
							Clifdenian							15.1
						Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian			Altonian							15.98
				Burdigalian			Otaian							18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian							23.03
							Duntroonian							25.2
							Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
						Arnold	Runangan							34.6
							Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan							37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian							41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
							Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan							47.8
							Mangaorapan							48.9
							Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian							56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian							66
				Campanian			Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
							Mangaotanean							90.5
							Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian			Arowhanan							93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
							Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan							100.5
							Urutawan							103.3
						Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian			Korangan							113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian	251.902
			Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian				259.51
			Wordian			Urzhumian				264.28
			Wordian		Noginskian	Urzhumian				264.9 *
			Roadian			Kazanian		Povolzhian		266.9
			Roadian			Kazanian		Sokian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
								Filipovian		276.5 *
					Pavlovoposadian			Filipovian		276.8 *
								Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian		Sarginian		283.5
								Irginian		285.9 *
					Rusavkinian			Irginian		287.6 *
								Burtsevian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian		Shikhanian		293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian					303.7
					Khamovnikian					304.8
					Krevyakinian					305.8 *
			Moscovian		Myachkovian					307
					Podolskian					308.9 *
					Kashirian					311.4 *
					Vereian					313.8
					Melekessian					314.8
			Bashkirian		Melekessian					315.2
					Cheremshanian					316.9 *
					Prikamian					318.6 *
					Severokeltmian					319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
					Voznesenian					321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian					323.2
					Protvian					324.4 *
					Steshevian					326.8 *
					Tarusian					329 *
			Visean		Venevian					330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian		335.8 *
					Bobrikian		339.9 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
Sheinwoodian		Wenlock	430.5
Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju		Porkuni		443.8
		Katian			Pirgu		445.2
					Vormsi		449.6 *
					Nabala		Johvi †		450 *
			Viru		Rakvere				450.6 *
					Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian			Keila		Idavere †		453
					Haljala				453.9
					Kukruse				456.4 *
					Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku				458.4
					Lasnamagi				458.9 *
					Aseri				460.4 *
			Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
					Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
					Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov					467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400