PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6								0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian				Cenozoic 5								11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3								33.9
				Bartonian				Cenozoic 3								37.71
				Lutetian				Cenozoic 2								41.2
				Ypresian				Cenozoic 2								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1								56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8								66
				Campanian				Cretaceous 7								72.1
				Santonian				Cretaceous 6								83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4								100.5
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3								113
				Barremian				Cretaceous 2								121.4
				Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2								125.77
				Valanginian				Cretaceous 1								132.6
				Berriasian				Cretaceous 1								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan	Jurassic 6								145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan	Jurassic 5								149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan									150
							Heterian									154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan									164.3
				Bathonian				Jurassic 4								165.3
				Bajocian				Jurassic 4								168.2
				Aalenian				Jurassic 3								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan									176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan	Jurassic 2								184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran	Jurassic 2								188.9
				Sinemurian				Jurassic 1								192.9
				Hettangian				Jurassic 1								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	Triassic 4								201.4
				Norian			Warepan									208.5
							Otamitan									217
							Oretian									221
				Carnian			Oretian	Triassic 3								227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	Triassic 3								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	Triassic 2								237
				Ladinian			Etalian									238
				Anisian			Etalian									242
				Anisian			Malakovian									246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	Triassic 1								247.2
				Olenekian			Nelsonian									249
Induan				251.2			Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Permian 4	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			264.28
			Wordian		Barettian			266
			Roadian			Permian 3		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2		273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian			283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian			Permian 1		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5		298.9
			Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5		303.7
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
			Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2
			Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1		407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4					453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian			Ordovician 3			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian			Ordovician 2			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
												485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5						Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4						Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
Drumian			500.5			Cambrian 4
Wuliuan			Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †	504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Early Cambrian							509
Series 2		Stage 3	Cambrian 2										514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Cambrian 2										521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian											Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau		1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian		1200									Yurmatian
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																1400