PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Calabrian									Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Gelasian									Early Pleistocene			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Yushean		Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean							Yushean		Early Pliocene			3.6
				Zanclean							Baodean		Early Pliocene			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene			5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian							Tunggurian					11.1
				Serravallian							Tunggurian		Middle Miocene			11.63
				Langhian							Shanwangian		Middle Miocene			13.82
				Burdigalian							Shanwangian		Early Miocene			15.98
				Burdigalian							Xiejiaan					16.9
				Aquitanian							Xiejiaan					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene			33.9
				Bartonian									Middle Eocene			37.71
				Lutetian									Middle Eocene			41.2
				Ypresian									Early Eocene			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene			56
				Selandian									Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian									Early Paleocene			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	Cayugan	419.2
				Kaugetuma	Cayugan	421.7 *
				Kaugetuma	Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu		Lockportian	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Raikkula				439.4 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
			Rhuddanian					440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																635