PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian																11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan											145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan											150
									Heterian											154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan											164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan											176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan											184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran											188.9
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
				Norian					Warepan											208.5
									Otamitan											217
									Oretian											221
				Carnian					Oretian											227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan											237
				Ladinian					Etalian											238
				Anisian					Etalian											242
				Anisian					Malakovian											246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian											247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian											249
				Induan					Nelsonian											251.2
				Induan				DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan	Dorashamian					Melekhovian					251.902
				Changhsingian					Waiitian	Dorashamian										253.2
				Wuchiapingian					Waiitian	Dzhulfian									Longtanian †	254.14
									Puruhauan											254.2
									Puruhauan							Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Midian	Severodvinian		259.51
			Wordian				Urzhumian		264.28
									Noginskian	264.9 *
					Barettian					266
						Murgabian				266.2 *
			Roadian				Kazanian			Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian				Kazanian			Sokian	270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian			Kubergandian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Mangapirian					Irenian/Ufimian	276
										Filipovian	276.5 *
									Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
						Bolorian					279.8
										Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian				Artinskian			Sarginian	283.5
					Telfordian					Sarginian	285
										Irginian	285.9 *
						Yakhtashian					286
									Rusavkinian		287.6 *
										Burtsevian	287.8 *
										Burtsevian	288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian	293.52
										Uskalykian	294.8
										Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian		303.7
									Khamovnikian		304.8
									Krevyakinian		305.8 *
			Moscovian						Myachkovian		307
									Podolskian		308.9 *
									Kashirian		311.4 *
									Vereian		313.8
									Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian						Melekessian		315.2
									Cheremshanian		316.9 *
									Prikamian		318.6 *
									Severokeltmian		319.9 *
									Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
									Voznesenian		321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Zapaltjubian		323.2
									Protvian		324.4 *
									Steshevian		326.8 *
									Tarusian		329 *
			Visean						Venevian		330.9
									Mikhailovian		331.9 *
									Aleksinian		333.7 *
									Tulian		335.8 *
									Bobrikian		339.9 *
									Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian						Kosvian		346.7
									Kizelian		350.7 *
									Cherepetian		351.9 *
									Karakubian		354.4 *
									Upinian		356.3 *
									Malevkian		357.6 *
									Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian					427.4
		Homerian	Whitwellian					429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju			Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4							Uhaku
				Lasnamagi	458.9 *
				Aseri	460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
					Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
					Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov	467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																				635