PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Longtanian †		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						273.01
					Filipovian						276.5 *
					Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian						283.5
					Irginian						285.9 *
					Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian						290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian						291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian						293.52
					Uskalykian						294.8
			Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian							307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian							315.2
							Huashibanian			318.5 *
							Lousuan			321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian				Dewunian			323.2
		Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian				Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian				Shangsian			330.9
		Visean	Middle Mississippian				Jiusian			335 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian				Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
											509