PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Meishanian				251.902
				Changhsingian										Baoqingian				253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian										Laoshanian		Longtanian †		254.14
				Wuchiapingian										Laibinian		Longtanian †		257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Lengwuan				259.51
				Wordian										Kuhfengian				264.28
				Roadian										Kuhfengian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										Luodianian				273.01
				Artinskian										Luodianian				283.5
				Artinskian										Longlinian				285.4 *
Sakmarian				290.1										Longlinian
Asselian				Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian			300.1
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian			Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian					453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian			Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian								Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan							Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan							Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4							Dyeran				511 *
			Stage 3							Dyeran				514
										Montezuman				514.8 *
										Begadean				519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Fortunian	Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †			Poundian †			538.8
		Ediacaran									Vendian †			Wonokan †			571.7 *
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															1000
		Ectasian															1200
		Calymmian															1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian															1600
		Orosirian															1800
		Rhyacian															2050
		Siderian															2300
Archean	Neoarchean																2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
																		4600