PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											Saintaugustinean		0
				Meghalayan													Santarosean		0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean		0.014
				Chibanian													Rancholabrean		0.129
																	Irvingtonian		0.21
						Castlecliffian													0.34
				Calabrian															0.774
																	Blancan		1.4
						Nukumaruan													1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan													1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian													2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian												Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian													3
				Zanclean		Waipipian													3.6
						Opoitian													3.7
						Opoitian											Hemphillian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean													5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan													7.2
				Tortonian										Pannonian					7.246
																	Clarendonian		9.4
					Southland	Waiauan													11.04
				Serravallian										Sarmatian					11.63
														Sarmatian			Barstovian		12.5
														Badenian					12.8 *
						Lillburnian								Badenian					13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian													13.82
						Clifdenian													15.1
					Pareora	Altonian													15.9
				Burdigalian															15.98
																	Hemingfordian		16.3
																	Arikareean		18.5
						Otaian													18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian													20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian													21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian									MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
						Duntroonian													25.2
						Whaingaroan													27.3
				Rupelian											MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
																	Whitneyan		29.5
																	Orellan		31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian											MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Chadronian		33.9
					Arnold	Runangan													34.6
						Kaiatan													36.7
																	Duchesnean		37
				Bartonian											MP 16				37.71
						Bortonian													39.1
																	Uintan		39.7
				Lutetian											MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan													42.6
						Heretaungan													45.7
																	Bridgerian		46.2
				Ypresian											MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
						Mangaorapan													48.9
						Mangaorapan											Wasatchian		50.5
						Waipawan											Wasatchian		52
						Waipawan											Clarkforkian		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian									MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Clarkforkian		56
				Thanetian											MP 6		Tiffanian		56.2
				Selandian													Tiffanian		59.2
				Selandian													Torrejonian		60.9
				Danian													Torrejonian		61.6
Puercan	63.8			Danian
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Senonian				66
			Campanian		Haumurian					72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan					83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
			Coniacian							86.3
			Turonian							89.8
					Mangaotanean					90.5
					Arowhanan					93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan					93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
					Motuan					99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Gallic				100.5
					Urutawan					103.3
				Taitai	Korangan					108.4
			Aptian		Korangan					113
			Aptian							117.5
			Barremian							121.4
			Hauterivian			Neocomian				125.77
			Valanginian							132.6
			Berriasian							139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
			Kimmeridgian							149.2
			Oxfordian							154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
			Bathonian							165.3
			Bajocian							168.2
			Aalenian							170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
			Pliensbachian							184.2
			Sinemurian							192.9
			Hettangian							199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
			Norian							208.5
			Carnian							227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
			Wordian								264.28
			Roadian								266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
			Artinskian								283.5
			Sakmarian								290.1
			Asselian								293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Oretanian					459.7 *
								Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian		Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian	468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †		Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †		Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635