PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America					Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran																0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian																0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian																0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan																1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan																1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian																2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian															Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian																3
		Zanclean		Waipipian																3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian																3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean																5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan																7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan																7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan																11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan																11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian																13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian																13.82
				Clifdenian																15.1
			Pareora	Altonian																15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian																15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian																18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian																20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian																21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian																23.03
				Duntroonian																25.2
				Whaingaroan																27.3
		Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
			Arnold	Runangan																34.6
				Kaiatan																36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan																37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian																39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian																41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan																42.6
				Heretaungan																45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan																47.8
				Mangaorapan																48.9
				Waipawan																52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian																56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				Senonian												66
		Campanian		Haumurian																72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan																83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan																86.1
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
				Mangaotanean																90.5
				Arowhanan																93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan																93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian																95.2
				Motuan																99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan				Gallic												100.5
				Urutawan																103.3
			Taitai	Korangan																108.4
		Aptian		Korangan																113
		Aptian																		117.5
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian												125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	330.9
		Visean					Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
											Richmondian		446 *
								Eastonian					449 *
				Berounian					449.7 *
									Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
									Edenian				450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
								Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian	453
			Turinian		453.7 *
			Turinian		Zahorany †/Vinice					Letna †			456.2 *
			Whiterockian		Zahorany †/Vinice						Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
					Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian						458.4
				Dobrotivian										458.5 *
				Oretanian										459.7 *
					Sarka †									461.7 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian			Klabava †						467.3
				Arenigian	Yapeenian									468
					Castlemainian									468.5 *
					Castlemainian				Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian		Ibexian				Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Bendigonian												471.8 *
			Lancefieldian												473.5 *
									Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian					Tulean						477.7
									Stairsian						480.3 *
									Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
			Warendian			482.8 *
			Warendian			Mansian †									483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian										485.4
		Stage 10														487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
			Aksaian													490.7 *
			Sakian													492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian										494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian													Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian														499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian														500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan															509
			Toyonian	Lenian †														510 *
			Botomian															512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian															514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian															515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian															521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian															525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
																				538.8