PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of Siberia			European Faunal Zones	European Faunal Units	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan					MN 17			1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian					MN 17			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian					MN 16	Villanyian	Tertiary †	2.58
				Waipipian						Villanyian		3
										Ruscinian		3.1 *
									MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean										3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
									MN 14			4.2
									MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						Turolian		5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian							MN 12			7.246
									MN 11			7.75
									MN 10	Vallesian		8.7
									MN 9			9.7
			Southland	Waiauan					MN 9			11.04
									MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian							MN 7 + 8	Astaracian		11.63
									MN 6			12.8 *
				Lillburnian					MN 6			13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian					MN 5			13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian							MN 4	Orleanian		15.98
									MN 3			16.9
				Otaian					MN 3			18.7
									MN 2	Agenian		20
		Aquitanian										20.44
			Landon	Waitakian								21.7
									MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian								41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan								47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian								56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian		Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
				Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Urutawan	103.3
			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian				Ungurian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian			489.5
				Aksaian		Aksaian	490.7 *
				Sakian		Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian					494
		Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian		Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian		499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian	Amgan/Solvan	Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
			Toyonian	Toyonian			Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian	Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian	Botomian					514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian	Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian	Tommotian					521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †		529
												538.8