PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian							0.0117
				Chibanian						Lujanian							0.129
										Ensenadan							0.3 *
						Castlecliffian											0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
						Nukumaruan											1.63
										Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
				Gelasian													1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Vorohuean						Tertiary †	2.58
										Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
						Waipipian											3
				Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
						Opoitian				Montehermosan							3.7 *
						Opoitian				Huayquerian							4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
				Tortonian													7.246
										Chasicoan							7.9 *
										Mayoan							9.9 *
										Laventan							10.9 *
					Southland	Waiauan											11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan											11.63
						Lillburnian											13.05
										Colloncuran							13.7 *
				Langhian													13.82
						Clifdenian											15.1
						Clifdenian				Friasian							15.4 *
					Pareora	Altonian											15.9
				Burdigalian													15.98
										Santacrucian							16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
						Otaian											18.7
				Aquitanian													20.44
										Deseadan							20.9 *
					Landon	Waitakian											21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian											23.03
						Duntroonian											25.2
						Whaingaroan											27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
				Rupelian						Tinguirirican							28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
					Arnold	Runangan											34.6
						Runangan				Divisaderan							35.9 *
						Kaiatan											36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
				Lutetian													41.2
										Mustersan							41.9 *
					Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
						Heretaungan											45.7
				Ypresian													47.8
										Casamayoran							47.9 *
						Mangaorapan											48.9
						Waipawan											52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian				Riochican							56
										Itaboraian							56.9 *
										Peligran							58.9 *
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
				Danian						Tiupampan							62.4 *
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			66
			Campanian		Haumurian			72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan			83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
			Coniacian					86.3
			Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
			Aptian		Korangan			113
			Aptian					117.5
			Barremian					121.4
			Hauterivian					125.77
			Valanginian					132.6
			Berriasian					139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
			Kimmeridgian					149.2
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Pliensbachian					184.2
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian	251.902
			Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian			259.51
			Wordian						Urzhumian			264.28
			Wordian					Noginskian	Urzhumian			264.9 *
			Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
			Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
										Filipovian		276.5 *
								Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian		276.8 *
										Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
										Irginian		285.9 *
								Rusavkinian		Irginian		287.6 *
										Burtsevian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian						Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
										Uskalykian		294.8
										Surenian		297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
			Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian					303.7
								Khamovnikian					304.8
								Krevyakinian					305.8 *
			Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	Myachkovian				307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
			Bashkirian			Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian		335.8 *
					Bobrikian		339.9 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
Sheinwoodian		Wenlock	430.5
Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju			Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
			Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
			Oeland			Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg			477.7
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort			485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635