PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan														145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan														149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan														150
				Heterian														154.5
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan														164.3
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan														176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan														184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran														188.9
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian														201.4
		Norian		Warepan														208.5
				Otamitan														217
				Oretian														221
		Carnian		Oretian														227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan														227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan														237
		Ladinian		Etalian														238
		Anisian		Etalian														242
		Anisian		Malakovian														246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian														247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian														249
		Induan		Nelsonian														251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan														251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan						Melekhovian								251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian														253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian													Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan													Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian														259.51
		Wordian			264.28
					Noginskian	264.9 *
				Barettian		266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
				Mangapirian		276
					Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian				283.5
				Telfordian		285
				Telfordian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian		393.3
		Pragian			Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Aurelucian					456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								457.4 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Oretanian					459.7 *
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
									Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †				467.3
							Arenigian						468
			Arenig					Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian					470
								Whitlandian					471.1 *
								Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																		538.8