PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Russian Platform		European Faunal Zones	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian						MN 17			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16	Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian						MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean						MN 15			3.6
								MN 14			4.2
								MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian						MN 12			7.246
								MN 11			7.75
								MN 10			8.7
								MN 9			9.7
								MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian						MN 7 + 8			11.63
		Serravallian						MN 6			12.8 *
		Langhian						MN 5			13.82
		Burdigalian						MN 4			15.98
								MN 3			16.9
								MN 2			20
		Aquitanian						MN 2			20.44
		Aquitanian						MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan							150
				Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian		Warepan							208.5
				Otamitan							217
				Oretian							221
		Carnian		Oretian							227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian		Etalian	238
		Anisian		Etalian	242
		Anisian		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan		254.2
				Puruhauan		Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Urzhumian					264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Urzhumian					266
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
				Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian				276
						Filipovian				276.5 *
						Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
				Telfordian		Sarginian		285
						Irginian		285.9 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
						Burtsevian		288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			504.5
											509