PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126186 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Cenozoic 6			0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene									0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene									0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene		Tertiary †							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene									5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene									7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene						Cenozoic 5			11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene									13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene									15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene						Cenozoic 4			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene						Cenozoic 4			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene						Cenozoic 3			33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene						Cenozoic 3			37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene						Cenozoic 2			41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene						Cenozoic 2			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene						Cenozoic 1			56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene									59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian		66
				Campanian									Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
				Santonian									Cretaceous 6			83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian									Cretaceous 5			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Cretaceous 4			100.5
				Aptian									Cretaceous 3			113
				Barremian									Cretaceous 2			121.4
				Hauterivian									Cretaceous 2			125.77
				Valanginian									Cretaceous 1			132.6
				Berriasian									Cretaceous 1			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan							Jurassic 6			145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan							Jurassic 5			149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian									Jurassic 4			165.3
				Bajocian									Jurassic 4			168.2
				Aalenian									Jurassic 3			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan										176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan							Jurassic 2			184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran							Jurassic 2			188.9
				Sinemurian									Jurassic 1			192.9
				Hettangian									Jurassic 1			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian							Triassic 4			201.4
				Norian		Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
				Carnian		Oretian							Triassic 3			227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan							Triassic 3			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan							Triassic 2			237
				Ladinian		Etalian										238
				Anisian		Etalian										242
				Anisian		Malakovian										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian							Triassic 1			247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian										249
Induan				251.2		Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Permian 4		Meishanian		251.902
					Waiitian			Meishanian		253.2
								Baoqingian		253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		Laoshanian	254.14
					Puruhauan					Laoshanian	254.2
					Puruhauan					Laibinian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian					Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian					Kuhfengian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian						266
			Roadian			Permian 3					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2				Luodianian	273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian						276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian						283.5
					Telfordian						285
					Telfordian					Longlinian	285.4 *
											288.5
			Sakmarian								290.1
			Asselian			Permian 1				Zisongian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5				Zisongian	298.9
			Gzhelian								300.1
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4					307
			Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian			Ordovician 5	445.2
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Stage 10						Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian						Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian						Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Cambrian 4		Marjumian		Albertian †	497
			Drumian				Cambrian 4		Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	Topazan			504.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		Delamaran			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4						Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3					Cambrian 2	Dyeran			514
									Montezuman			514.8 *
									Begadean			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian		Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
		Ediacaran							Vendian		Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian							Karatau						800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau						1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian						1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian						1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan						1375
																1400