PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran	Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian								Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian									3
		Zanclean				Waipipian									3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian									3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan	Cenozoic 5								11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian									13.82
						Clifdenian									15.1
					Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian									15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian	Cenozoic 4								23.03
						Duntroonian									25.2
						Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3								33.9
					Arnold	Runangan									34.6
						Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan									37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian	Cenozoic 2								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
						Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan									47.8
						Mangaorapan									48.9
						Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian	Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian				Haumurian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan	Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
						Mangaotanean									90.5
						Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5								93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
						Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan	Cretaceous 4								100.5
						Urutawan									103.3
					Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian				Korangan	Cretaceous 3								113
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3								117.5
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian	139.8				Cretaceous 1
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Melekhovian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian			Noginskian		Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian		Permian 3			Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian		Permian 3			Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
								Filipovian		276.5 *
					Pavlovoposadian			Filipovian		276.8 *
								Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
								Irginian		285.9 *
					Rusavkinian			Irginian		287.6 *
								Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian		Permian 1			Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian			Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian						303.7
					Khamovnikian						304.8
					Krevyakinian						305.8 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian				307
							Podolskian				308.9 *
							Kashirian				311.4 *
							Vereian				313.8
							Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian			Melekessian				315.2
							Cheremshanian				316.9 *
							Prikamian				318.6 *
							Severokeltmian				319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
							Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	Carboniferous 3		Zapaltjubian				323.2
							Protvian				324.4 *
							Steshevian				326.8 *
							Tarusian				329 *
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	Carboniferous 2		Venevian				330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		Devonian 5		358.9
			Middle Famennian				365.3 *
			Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		Devonian 4		372.2
			Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
			Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Devonian 3		382.7
			Middle Givetian				383.7 *
			Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		Devonian 2		393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian		Devonian 2		398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian				410.8
			Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		Harju		Porkuni		443.8
		Katian							Pirgu		445.2
									Vormsi		449.6 *
									Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
									Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4				Keila		Idavere †	453
								Haljala	453.9
								Kukruse	456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3			Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Ordovician 2			Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1			Hunneberg			477.7
								Varangu			481.3 *
								Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5			Pakerort			485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1								529
															538.8