PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of France	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Meishanian				251.902
		Changhsingian									Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian									Laoshanian		Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Laibinian		Longtanian †		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Lengwuan				259.51
		Wordian									Kuhfengian				264.28
		Roadian									Kuhfengian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Luodianian				273.01
		Artinskian									Luodianian				283.5
		Artinskian									Longlinian				285.4 *
		Sakmarian									Longlinian				290.1
		Asselian									Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian													300.1
		Kasimovian													303.7
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian													315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	Famennian	358.9
			Middle Famennian		365.3 *
			Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
			Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian		383.7 *
			Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		407.6
		Pragian	Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan		487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
						Aksaian						490.7 *
						Sakian						492.2 *
										Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian			Marjumian	Albertian †		Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan			Topazan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran				Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian					Waucoban †				509
						Toyonian	Lenian †							510 *
						Toyonian			Dyeran					511 *
						Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3												514
									Montezuman					514.8 *
						Atdabanian			Montezuman					515.6 *
						Atdabanian			Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian								521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
															538.8