PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian Epochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6							0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Serravallian		Cenozoic 5							11.63
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3							33.9
				Bartonian		Cenozoic 3							37.71
				Lutetian		Cenozoic 2							41.2
				Ypresian		Cenozoic 2							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1							56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian						66
				Campanian		Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
				Santonian		Cretaceous 6							83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4							100.5
				Aptian		Cretaceous 3							113
				Barremian		Cretaceous 2							121.4
				Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2							125.77
				Valanginian		Cretaceous 1							132.6
				Berriasian		Cretaceous 1							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6							145
				Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5							149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian		Jurassic 4							165.3
				Bajocian		Jurassic 4							168.2
				Aalenian		Jurassic 3							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3							174.7
				Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2							184.2
				Sinemurian		Jurassic 1							192.9
				Hettangian		Jurassic 1							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4							201.4
				Norian		Triassic 4							208.5
				Carnian		Triassic 3							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1							247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1							251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4				Meishanian			251.902
				Changhsingian						Baoqingian			253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian		Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian						Laibinian		Longtanian †	257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan			259.51
				Wordian						Kuhfengian			264.28
				Roadian		Permian 3				Kuhfengian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				Luodianian			273.01
				Artinskian						Luodianian			283.5
				Artinskian						Longlinian			285.4 *
Sakmarian				290.1						Longlinian
Asselian				Permian 1	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Zisongian	298.9
			Gzhelian			300.1
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian		Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian					Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian		Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian			Cambrian 4	Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Cambrian 3	Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan				Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian			Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4				Dyeran				511 *
			Stage 3			Cambrian 2	Dyeran				514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
							Begadean				519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
		Ectasian										1200
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian										1800
		Rhyacian										2050
		Siderian										2300
Archean	Neoarchean											2500
	Mesoarchean											2800
	Paleoarchean											3200
	Eoarchean											3600
Hadean												4000
													4600