PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of France	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Meishanian				251.902
		Changhsingian								Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian								Laoshanian		Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Laibinian		Longtanian †		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Lengwuan				259.51
		Wordian								Kuhfengian				264.28
		Roadian								Kuhfengian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Luodianian				273.01
		Artinskian								Luodianian				283.5
		Artinskian								Longlinian				285.4 *
		Sakmarian								Longlinian				290.1
		Asselian								Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian												300.1
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Tremadocian		477.7
		Tremadocian		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan		487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
					Aksaian						490.7 *
					Sakian						492.2 *
									Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian									494
		Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian			Marjumian	Albertian †		Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan			Topazan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran				Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian					Waucoban †				509
					Toyonian	Lenian †							510 *
					Toyonian			Dyeran					511 *
					Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3											514
								Montezuman					514.8 *
					Atdabanian			Montezuman					515.6 *
					Atdabanian			Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian								521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †							529
														538.8