PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian		Mangapanian						Tertiary †	2.58
			Villanyian		Waipipian							3
			Ruscinian									3.1 *
		Zanclean										3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
			Vallesian									8.7
			Vallesian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian	Astaracian		Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
					Clifdenian							15.1
				Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian	Orleanian		Altonian							15.98
			Orleanian		Otaian							18.7
			Agenian									20
		Aquitanian										20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian							23.03
					Duntroonian							25.2
					Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Arnold	Runangan							34.6
					Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian							41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
					Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan							47.8
					Mangaorapan							48.9
					Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian							56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian			Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
					Mangaotanean							90.5
					Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan							93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
					Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan							100.5
					Urutawan							103.3
				Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian			Korangan							113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian				Noginskian	Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian				Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Filipovian	276.5 *
						Pavlovoposadian	Filipovian	276.8 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian				Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
						Rusavkinian	Irginian	287.6 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian				Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian				Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian				Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian		307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian		323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean				Venevian		330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian				Pirgu		445.2
						Vormsi		449.6 *
						Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
						Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian				Keila		Idavere †	453
						Haljala			453.9
						Kukruse			456.4 *
						Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku			458.4
						Lasnamagi			458.9 *
						Aseri			460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
						Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian	Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
			Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Hunneberg					477.7
			Varangu					481.3 *
			Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort					485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
												509