PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian	MN 17																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16														Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian	MN 15																3.2
		Zanclean	MN 15																3.6
			MN 14																4.2
			MN 13																4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	MN 13																5.333
		Tortonian	MN 12																7.246
			MN 11																7.75
			MN 10																8.7
			MN 9																9.7
			MN 7 + 8																11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8																11.63
		Serravallian	MN 6																12.8 *
		Langhian	MN 5																13.82
		Burdigalian	MN 4																15.98
			MN 3																16.9
			MN 2																20
		Aquitanian	MN 2																20.44
		Aquitanian	MN 1																22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
		Induan																	251.2
		Induan			Kathwai														251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai														251.902
																			252.4 *
					Chhidru														252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru													Longtanian †	254.14
				Kalabagh	255 *
				Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
				Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb		266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian			323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian			330.9
		Visean	Jiusian			335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Kralodvorian		Richmondian		446 *
						Berounian		Richmondian		449.7 *
								Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian			450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian			453
								Turinian			453.7 *
								Turinian			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Whiterockian			Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
						Dobrotivian								458.5 *
						Oretanian								459.7 *
									Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †					467.3
						Arenigian								468
								Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian		Tulean							477.7
								Stairsian							480.3 *
								Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian							485.4
		Stage 10													487.5
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †										497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian												509
		Stage 3		Branchian												514
		Stage 3		Placentian												517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																			538.8