PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A										33.9
		Bartonian	MP 16										37.71
		Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11										41.2
		Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5									56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites								168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum							168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense							174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons								180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum								182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni								184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi								192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
		Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian								Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian							Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
										Filipovian			276.5 *
										Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
										Irginian			285.9 *
										Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian					Tastubian	291.7 *	Sakmarian
		Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
								Uskalykian	294.8
								Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10		Sunwaptan					487.5
		Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan					489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †		Series 3 †			497
		Drumian	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran						Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †						509
		Stage 4	Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran		514
			Montezuman		514.8 *
			Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
													538.8