PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian													0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean											Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean													3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean													4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian													11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian													11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian													13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian													15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan													16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Melekhovian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Wordian						Noginskian								264.9 *
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian								276.8 *
		Artinskian						Pavlovoposadian								283.5
		Artinskian						Rusavkinian								287.6 *
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian	303.7
				Khamovnikian	304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
			Protvian	324.4 *
			Steshevian	326.8 *
			Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Aurelucian					456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
						Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
				Dobrotivian								458.5 *
				Oretanian								459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
						Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †						467.3
				Arenigian								468
					Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian					470
							Whitlandian					471.1 *
							Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8