PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian							Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean							Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean							Early Pliocene			3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean							Early Pliocene			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian										11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian							Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian							Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian							Early Miocene			15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian					MP 16			Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian	Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran				Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Waucoban †	Branchian			509
		Stage 4		Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran					514
				Montezuman					514.8 *
				Montezuman		Placentian			517.1
				Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
													538.8