PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene							Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian		Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan			Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Melekhovian					251.902
		Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian										Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian								Noginskian		Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian									Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian									Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
												Filipovian			276.5 *
										Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian			276.8 *
												Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian									Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Irginian		Rusavkinian	287.6 *
					Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Bursumian †			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
									Uskalykian	294.8
									Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian					298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian		Dorogomilovian			303.7
							Khamovnikian			304.8
							Krevyakinian			305.8 *
					Desmoinesian		Krevyakinian			305.9 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian			307
							Podolskian			308.9 *
							Kashirian			311.4 *
					Atokan		Kashirian			312.7 *
							Vereian			313.8
				Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian	315.2	Melekessian
			Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Cheremshanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
			Prikamian		318.6 *
			Severokeltmian		319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
			Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Meramecian	Tulian	335.8 *
			Meramecian	Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Osagean	Bobrikian	343.1 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
			Kinderhookian	Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian			Paibian		494
		Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †			497
		Guzhangian			Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian			Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian		Branchian			509
		Stage 3			Nangaoian		Branchian			514
		Stage 3			Nangaoian		Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian					530.7
															538.8