PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean				Late Pleistocene			0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean				Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian				Middle Pleistocene			0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian				Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene			3.6
		Zanclean	Hemphillian				Early Pliocene			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Tortonian	Clarendonian							9.4
		Serravallian	Clarendonian				Middle Miocene			11.63
		Serravallian	Barstovian							12.5
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene			15.98
			Hemingfordian							16.3
			Arikareean							18.5
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		Late Oligocene			23.03
		Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21			Early Oligocene			27.82
			Whitneyan							29.5
			Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Late Eocene			33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Late Eocene			37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean	MP 16			Middle Eocene			37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan	MP 16						39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			Early Eocene			47.8
			Wasatchian							50.5
			Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Late Paleocene			56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian	MP 6			Late Paleocene			56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian				Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian				Middle Paleocene			60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian				Early Paleocene			61.6
		Danian	Puercan				Early Paleocene			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian			509
		Stage 3	Branchian			514
		Stage 3	Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
										538.8