PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian									0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian									0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan									0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan									0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †								1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean								Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan									2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan									3.6
			Montehermosan									3.7 *
			Huayquerian									4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
			Chasicoan									7.9 *
			Mayoan									9.9 *
			Laventan									10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan									11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran									13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran									13.82
		Langhian	Friasian									15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian									15.98
			Santacrucian									16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian									17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian									20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan									20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican									28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican									33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan									35.9 *
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan									41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan									47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran									47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican									56
			Itaboraian									56.9 *
			Peligran									58.9 *
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan									62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian	Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
						Filipovian		276.5 *
				Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian		276.8 *
						Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
						Irginian		285.9 *
				Rusavkinian		Irginian		287.6 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian				307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
			Protvian	324.4 *
			Steshevian	326.8 *
			Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju			Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
				Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland			Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
												509