PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian		Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian		Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan		Middle Pleistocene				0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan		Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean		Late Pliocene			Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan		Late Pliocene				2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan		Early Pliocene				3.6
					Montehermosan						3.7 *
					Huayquerian						4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
					Chasicoan						7.9 *
					Mayoan						9.9 *
					Laventan						10.9 *
				Serravallian	Laventan		Middle Miocene				11.63
				Serravallian	Colloncuran						13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran						13.82
				Langhian	Friasian						15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian		Early Miocene				15.98
					Santacrucian						16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian						20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan						20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene				23.03
				Rupelian			Early Oligocene				27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican		Early Oligocene				28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican		Late Eocene				33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan		Late Eocene				35.9 *
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene				37.71
				Lutetian							41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan						41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan		Early Eocene				47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran		Early Eocene				47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican		Late Paleocene				56
					Itaboraian						56.9 *
					Peligran						58.9 *
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene				61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan		Early Paleocene				62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
			Induan	251.2
			Induan	Kathwai		251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai		251.902
						252.4 *
				Chhidru		252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian	Chhidru		Longtanian †		254.14
				Kalabagh				255 *
				Wargal				256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
								265.3 *
				Amb				266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb				266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian		485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
											1400