PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of the Baltic			Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum					168.4
		Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
		Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
		Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
		Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju		Porkuni			443.8
		Katian			Pirgu			445.2
					Vormsi			449.6 *
					Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
			Viru		Rakvere				450.6 *
					Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian			Keila			Idavere †	453
					Haljala				453.9
					Kukruse				456.4 *
					Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku				458.4
					Lasnamagi				458.9 *
					Aseri				460.4 *
			Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
					Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov					467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg		477.7
					Varangu		481.3 *
					Pakerort		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			Late Cambrian		485.4
										486.3 *
						486.5
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
												538.8