PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America				Carboniferous of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian											66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic											100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian							Neocomian											125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †																254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
		Wordian																		264.28
		Roadian																		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		298.9
		Gzhelian																	Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian																	Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian																	Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian																		307
		Bashkirian																		315.2
																			Huashibanian	318.5 *
																			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian			Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian		Gamachian		Bohdalec †	445.2
								Richmondian			446 *
			Eastonian								449 *
						Berounian					449.7 *
								Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian				450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
			Gisbornian									452 *
		Sandbian							453
								Turinian	453.7 *
								Turinian	Zahorany †/Vinice			Letna †	456.2 *
							Whiterockian		Zahorany †/Vinice		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian											458.4
						Dobrotivian								458.5 *
						Oretanian								459.7 *
									Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian						Klabava †					467.3
			Yapeenian			Arenigian								468
			Castlemainian											468.5 *
			Castlemainian					Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Bendigonian												471.8 *
			Lancefieldian												473.5 *
								Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian		Tulean							477.7
								Stairsian							480.3 *
								Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
			Warendian	482.8 *
			Warendian	Mansian †											483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian										485.4
		Stage 10														487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
			Aksaian													490.7 *
			Sakian													492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian										494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian													497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian													499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian													500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †													Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Amgan/Solvan	509
						Toyonian											Lenian †	510 *
						Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian												514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian												515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian												521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
		Fortunian			Manykaian †	Nemakit-Daldynian											529
																				538.8