PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of France	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ten Million Year Bins
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Cenozoic 6	0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian												Cenozoic 5	11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Cenozoic 4	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Cenozoic 4	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Cenozoic 3	33.9
				Bartonian										MP 16		Cenozoic 3	37.71
				Lutetian										MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Cenozoic 2	41.2
				Ypresian										MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Cenozoic 2	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Cenozoic 1	56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Cretaceous 8	66
				Campanian												Cretaceous 7	72.1
				Santonian												Cretaceous 6	83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian												Cretaceous 5	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												Cretaceous 4	100.5
				Aptian												Cretaceous 3	113
				Barremian												Cretaceous 2	121.4
				Hauterivian												Cretaceous 2	125.77
				Valanginian												Cretaceous 1	132.6
				Berriasian												Cretaceous 1	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Jurassic 6	145
				Kimmeridgian												Jurassic 5	149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian												Jurassic 4	165.3
				Bajocian												Jurassic 4	168.2
				Aalenian												Jurassic 3	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												Jurassic 3	174.7
				Pliensbachian												Jurassic 2	184.2
				Sinemurian												Jurassic 1	192.9
				Hettangian												Jurassic 1	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												Triassic 4	201.4
				Norian												Triassic 4	208.5
				Carnian												Triassic 3	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Triassic 2	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												Triassic 2	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												Triassic 1	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												Triassic 1	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Permian 4	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
				Wordian													264.28
				Roadian												Permian 3	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												Permian 2	273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian												Permian 1	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												Carboniferous 5	298.9
Kasimovian				303.7												Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean			Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	Southwoodian			Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian						Devonian 1	407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien						408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							Silurian 2	419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian						Ordovician 5	445.2
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Cambrian 5	485.4
			Stage 10						Festiniogian		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian						Festiniogian		489.5
			Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian		493.1 *
			Paibian						Maentwrogian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			St Davids		Cambrian 4	497
			Drumian								Cambrian 4	500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				Cambrian 3	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai		Cambrian 3	509
		Series 2	Stage 3								Cambrian 2	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Cambrian 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635