PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ten Million Year Bins
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6	0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian											Cenozoic 5	11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Cenozoic 4	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Cenozoic 4	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Cenozoic 3	33.9
				Bartonian									MP 16		Cenozoic 3	37.71
				Lutetian									MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Cenozoic 2	41.2
				Ypresian									MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Cenozoic 2	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Cenozoic 1	56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8	66
				Campanian											Cretaceous 7	72.1
				Santonian											Cretaceous 6	83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4	100.5
				Aptian											Cretaceous 3	113
				Barremian											Cretaceous 2	121.4
				Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2	125.77
				Valanginian											Cretaceous 1	132.6
				Berriasian											Cretaceous 1	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Jurassic 6	145
				Kimmeridgian											Jurassic 5	149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian											Jurassic 4	165.3
				Bajocian											Jurassic 4	168.2
				Aalenian											Jurassic 3	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Jurassic 3	174.7
				Pliensbachian											Jurassic 2	184.2
				Sinemurian											Jurassic 1	192.9
				Hettangian											Jurassic 1	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Triassic 4	201.4
				Norian											Triassic 4	208.5
				Carnian											Triassic 3	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											Triassic 2	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											Triassic 2	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											Triassic 1	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											Triassic 1	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Permian 4	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian											Permian 3	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											Permian 2	273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian											Permian 1	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Carboniferous 5	298.9
Kasimovian				303.7											Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4			307
Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4			315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean			Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian			Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian					Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian					Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Silurian 2	419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian					Ordovician 5	445.2
			Sandbian					Ordovician 4	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Cambrian 5	485.4
			Stage 10					Festiniogian		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian					Festiniogian		489.5
			Jiangshanian					Maentwrogian		493.1 *
			Paibian					Maentwrogian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			St Davids		Cambrian 4	497
			Drumian							Cambrian 4	500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				Cambrian 3	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai		Cambrian 3	509
		Series 2	Stage 3							Cambrian 2	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Cambrian 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635