PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene	Tarantian	Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene	Ionian					0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene		Yushean		Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene		Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene		Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian					Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene		Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene		Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene		Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian					Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian					Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4		Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3		Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2		Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3								174.7
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								184.2
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1								192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								201.4
				Norian	Triassic 4								208.5
				Carnian	Triassic 3								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Roadian	Permian 3								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2								273.01
				Artinskian									283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian		Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian			305.9
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
													1400