PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of North America		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian											7.246
		Serravallian			Sarmatian											11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian											12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites													168.2
		Bajocian		Humphresianum												168.4
		Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense												174.7
			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons													180.1
			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum													182
		Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni													184.2
		Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi													192.9
		Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian					Wordian									264.28
		Roadian					Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian								273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian								281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian								283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian								286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian								290.1
		Asselian						Nealian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian														303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Bolindian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Eastonian			Kralodvorian		449 *
						Eastonian			Berounian		449.7 *
						Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian							458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian				Yapeenian				Klabava †			467.3
						Yapeenian			Arenigian				468
						Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian							470
						Bendigonian							471.8 *
						Lancefieldian							473.5 *
		Tremadocian				Lancefieldian			Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian		482.8 *			Tremadocian
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †				497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †										504.5
																509