PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of North America		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian											7.246
		Serravallian				Sarmatian											11.63
		Serravallian				Badenian											12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras														168.2
		Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense														168.4
		Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta														174.7
			Planulata														179.3 *
			Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi												179.8 *
			Kanense														181.3 *
			Carlottense														182.3 *
			Kunae														183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Kunae														184.2
			Freboldi														185.1 *
			Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras													186.2 *
				Tetraspidoceras													189.2 *
			Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis													190.3 *
		Sinemurian															192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras												196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites														196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian						Wordian									264.28
		Roadian					Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian				Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Bolindian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Eastonian	Kralodvorian		449 *
									Eastonian	Berounian		449.7 *
									Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian					458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Yapeenian		Klabava †			467.3
									Yapeenian	Arenigian				468
									Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian					470
									Bendigonian					471.8 *
									Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian							Lancefieldian	Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian							Warendian	Tremadocian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †										497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †		504.5
																	509