PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian									100.5
			Middle Albian									106.2 *
			Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian									113
		Aptian	Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian									139.8
			Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
			Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian									174.7
			Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
			Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian	Sevatian									208.5
			Alaunian									213.2 *
			Lacian									216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian									227
		Carnian	Julian									233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian									237
		Ladinian	Fassanian									239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian									242
			Pelsonian									243.8 *
			Bithynian									244.7 *
			Aegean									245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian									247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
				Dobrotivian			458.5 *
				Oretanian			459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian						468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						504.5
												509