PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian										100.5
					Middle Albian										106.2 *
					Early Albian										109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian										113
				Aptian	Early Aptian										119.5 *
				Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian	Late Berriasian										139.8
					Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
					Early Berriasian										142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
				Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
				Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
				Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian	Late Bajocian										168.2
				Bajocian	Early Bajocian										168.6 *
				Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian										174.7
					Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
					Early Toarcian										182.9 *
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian	Sevatian										208.5
					Alaunian										213.2 *
					Lacian										216.7 *
				Carnian	Tuvalian										227
				Carnian	Julian										233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Longobardian	237
			Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian	251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian					Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian			453		Chatfieldian
						Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
			Dapingian							467.3
			Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian				Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian				Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian				Late Cambrian	485.4
			Stage 10									487.5
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian								509
		Series 2	Stage 3										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian		1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian		1600
		Orosirian		1800
		Rhyacian		2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
															4600