PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian						Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian							3
		Zanclean				Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian							13.82
						Clifdenian							15.1
					Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
						Duntroonian							25.2
						Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian					Kekeamuan						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
					Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian							41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
						Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan		Bumbanian					47.8
						Mangaorapan							48.9
						Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian	Gashatan						56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
						Mangaotanean							90.5
						Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Arowhanan							93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
						Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian			Motuan							100.5
			Late Albian			Urutawan							103.3
			Middle Albian			Urutawan							106.2 *
			Middle Albian		Taitai	Korangan							108.4
			Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian										113
			Late Aptian										117.5
			Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian	139.8
			Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
			Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian						174.7
			Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
			Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian	Sevatian						208.5
			Alaunian						213.2 *
			Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian						227
		Carnian	Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian						237
		Ladinian	Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian						242
			Pelsonian						243.8 *
			Bithynian						244.7 *
			Aegean						245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian						247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian						248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian						251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian						251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian					Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian					Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian					Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian	323.2
		Visean					Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian					Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian			433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
				Alexandrian				438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian		485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian		489.5
								Aksaian		490.7 *
								Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian		Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian	Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †		505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
								Toyonian			510 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian			514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					521
													525.5