PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian of England		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of North America						Devonian of France	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian														251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian				Zechstein									Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	Dzhulfian				Zechstein									Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian	Midian				Rotliegendes										259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian	Midian														264.28
		Wordian		Urzhumian	Murgabian														266.2 *
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian															266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian															270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian														273.01
				Filipovian	Kubergandian														276.5 *
				Filipovian	Bolorian														279.8
				Saraninian															280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian					Autunian										283.5
				Irginian		285.9 *
				Irginian	Yakhtashian	286
				Burtsevian	Yakhtashian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian	293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
		Aeronian					Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian									Gamachian	445.2
											Richmondian	446 *
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian		450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian									Chatfieldian		453
											Turinian		453.7 *
										Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
		Dapingian												467.3
		Dapingian									Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian									Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian									Tulean				477.7
											Stairsian				480.3 *
											Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Skullrockian				485.4
		Stage 10													487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Series 3 †	497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
																			509