PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian of England		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe						Devonian of France	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian				Zechstein								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian				Rotliegendes									259.51
		Wordian	Midian													264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian													266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian													273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian													279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian				Autunian									283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian													286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian	Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton			421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas			426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas			427.4
		Homerian		Wych	Woolhope			428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Telychian				436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian		Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian		Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian				485.4
		Stage 10										487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
																509